Stimulant Addiction

What are stimulants?

Stimulants are a class of psychoactive substances that increase activity in the central nervous system. Common examples include amphetamine-based drugs (such as Adderall®, Dexedrine®, Vyvanse®), methamphetamine (meth, crystal meth), and cocaine. These substances are used medically (e.g. for ADHD or narcolepsy) but also misused for their energizing, focusing, and euphoric effects.

What is stimulant addiction?

Stimulant addiction, also called stimulant use disorder, is a chronic brain condition characterized by compulsive use of stimulants despite harmful consequences. Addiction involves:

• Intense cravings for stimulant drugs

• Loss of control over use (e.g. taking more than intended)

• Escalating tolerance (needing more drug to achieve the same effect)

• Withdrawal symptoms when use is reduced or stopped

• Persistent focus on obtaining and using the drug, often at the expense of other activities

People with stimulant addiction may continue use even when it interferes with work, relationships, legal standing, health, or mental well-being.

Why does stimulant addiction develop?

• Neurochemical changes: Repeated stimulant use increases dopamine release in reward pathways; over time, the brain reduces its own dopamine production and receptor sensitivity, making natural rewards less satisfying.

• Tolerance: As the body adapts, users need higher or more frequent doses to get the same “high.”

• Reinforcement & habit formation: The strong reward signals condition the brain toward repeated use, especially under stress or in certain environments.

• Withdrawal & negative reinforcement: When stimulants are reduced, withdrawal symptoms or dysphoria may drive continued use to avoid discomfort.

• Psychological & social factors: Underlying conditions (e.g. ADHD, depression, trauma), peer influence, stress, or environmental triggers can promote continued use.

Signs & symptoms to watch for

If you or someone you care about is using stimulants and you worry about addiction, key warning signs include:

• Using stimulants more often, in larger amounts, or for longer periods than intended

• Strong cravings or urges to use

• Difficulty cutting down or quitting

• Spending a lot of time obtaining, using, or recovering from stimulants

• Neglecting or losing interest in formerly enjoyed activities

• Failing to meet work, school, or social obligations

• Continued use despite worsening physical or mental health

• Mood swings, irritability, anxiety, or agitation

• Sleep disturbances (insomnia, erratic sleep)

• Appetite suppression, weight loss, malnutrition

• Cardiovascular symptoms: rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, palpitations

• Risky behaviors: unsafe sex, driving under influence, legal troubles

Stimulant withdrawal can involve fatigue, depression, sleep disruption, increased appetite, and strong drug cravings. Though stimulant withdrawal is rarely fatal, it can be psychologically distressing and difficult without support.

If you’re suffering from stimulant addiction, don’t delay in seeking help. Call the Valley Medical and Wellness location nearest you to schedule an appointment today.